How does an ionic bond differ from a covalent bond?

• A. It involves sharing of electrons
• B. It involves the transfer of electrons
• C. It is weaker than a covalent bond
• D. It occurs only in organic compounds

Answer: (B)

An ionic bond is characterized by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. This process occurs when one atom, typically a metal, loses one or more electrons, becoming positively charged (cation), while another atom, usually a nonmetal, gains those electrons, resulting in a negatively charged ion (anion). The electrostatic attraction between these oppositely charged ions forms the ionic bond.

In contrast, a covalent bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. This type of bond typically occurs between nonmetals and allows the participating atoms to achieve a more stable electron configuration.

The strength of ionic bonds can vary depending on the specific elements involved, but they are generally stronger because of the significant electrostatic forces between the ions compared to many covalent bonds. Furthermore, ionic bonds can occur in both organic and inorganic compounds, making the assertion that they occur only in organic compounds incorrect.